A Theory of Justice In the most prominent work of political philosophy in English in the second half of the 20th century, his 1971 A Theory of Justice, John Rawls’s goal was to justify the welfare...

Modern Physics' influence on Philosophy From 1900–1930, the greatest revolutions in physics since the 17th century had a manifold effect on philosophy: some thinkers came to take philosophy now to be the handmaiden of science;...

Kant' starting point David Hume, one of the most prominent members of the Scottish Enlightenment, was a multifaceted Enlightenment thinker. Based in Edinburgh, Hume was a cultivated, cosmopolitan intellectual, a frequenter of Paris salons. Once...

Rationalism and Dualism There were important post-medieval philosophers before Descartes—Renaissance thinkers and early Protestant Reformation scholars who played significant roles in shaping modern thought. However, Descartes, in the early 17th century, made such a definitive...